Sigman, D.M., D.C. McCorkle, and W.R. Martin. 1998. “The Calcite Isyocline As a Constraint on Glacial Interglacial Low-Latitude Production Changes”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12. American Geophysical Union: 409-27. doi:10.1029/98GB01184.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “Carbon Dioxide Effects of Antarctic Stratification, North Atlantic Intermediate Water Formation, and Subantarctic Nutrient Drawdown During the Last Ice Age: Diagnosis and Synthesis in a Geochemical Box Model”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24. doi:10.1029/2010GB003790.

Galbraith, E.D., S.L. Jaccard, T.F. Pedersen, D.M. Sigman, G.H. Haug, M. Cook, J.R. Southon, and R. François. 2007. “Carbon Dioxide Release from the North Pacific Abyss During the Last Deglaciation”. Nature 449. Nature Publishing Group: 890-93. doi:10.1038/nature06227.

Lüdecke, T., J.N. Leichliter, V. Aldeias, M. Bamford, D. Biro, D. Braun, C. Capelli, et al. 2022. “Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Modern Tooth Enamel: A Case Study from Gorongosa National Park, Central Mozambique”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.958032.

Kast, E.R., M.L. Griffiths, S.L. Kim, Z.C. Rao, K. Shimada, M.A. Becker, H.M. Maisch, et al. (2022) 2022. “Cenozoic Megatooth Sharks Occupied Extremely High Trophic Positions”. Science Advances 8 (25). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl6529.

Straub, M., D.M. Sigman, H.A. Ren, A. Martínez-García, A.N. Meckler, M.P. Hain, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Changes in North Atlantic Nitrogen Fixation Controlled by Ocean Circulation”. Nature 501: 200-203. doi:10.1038/nature12397.

Morales, L.V., D.M. Sigman, M.G. Horn, and R.S. Robinson. 2013. “Cleaning Methods for the Isotopic Determination of Diatombound Nitrogen in Non-Fossil Diatom Frustules”. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 11: 101-12. doi:10.4319/lom.2013.11.101.

Haug, G.H., D. Günther, L.C. Peterson, D.M. Sigman, K.A. Hughen, and B. Aeschlimann. 2003. “Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization”. Science 299: 1731-35. doi:10.1126/science.1080444.

Houlton, B.Z., D.M. Sigman, E.A.G. Schuur, and L.O. Hedin. 2007. “A Climate-Driven Switch in Plant Nitrogen Acquisition Within Tropical Forest Communities”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 8902-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609935104.

Tortell, P.D., G.R. DiTullio, D.M. Sigman, and F.M.M. Morel. 2002. “CO2 Effects on Taxonomic Composition and Nutrient Utilization in an Equatorial Pacific Phytoplankton Assemblage”. Marine Ecology Progress Series 236. Inter-Research: 37-43. doi:10.3354/meps236037.

Hain, M.P., and D.M. Sigman. 2024. CO2 in Earth’s Ice Age Cycles. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Referenced from oxfordre.com: CO2 in Earth’s Ice Age Cycles.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., D.M. Sigman, B.J. Johnson, O.P. Jensen, S. Oleynik, and B.B. Ward. 2020. “Comparison of the Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith-Bound Organic N With Host Tissue”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77. Canadian Science Publishing: 264-75. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2018-0360.

Galbraith, E.D., M. Kienast, S.L. Jaccard, T.F. Pedersen, B.G. Brunelle, D.M. Sigman, and T. Kiefer. 2008. “Consistent Relationship Between Global Climate and Surface Nitrate Utilization in the Western Subarctic Pacific Throughout the Last 500 Ka”. Paleoceanography 23. doi:10.1029/2007PA001518.

François, R., M.A. Altabet, E.-F. Yu, D.M. Sigman, M.P. Bacon, M. Frank, G. Bohrmann, G. Bareille, and L.D. Labeyrie. 1997. “Contribution of Southern Ocean Surface-Water Stratification to Low Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations During the Last Glacial Period”. Nature 389. Nature Publishing Group: 929-35. doi:10.1038/40073.

Karsh, K.L., T.W. Trull, D.M. Sigman, P.A. Thompson, and J. Granger. 2014. “The Contributions of Nitrate Uptake and Efflux to Isotope Fractionation During Algal Nitrate Assimilation”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 132. Elsevier Ltd: 391-412. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.030.

De Pol-Holz, R., R.S. Robinson, D. Hebbeln, D.M. Sigman, and O. Ulloa. 2009. “Controls on Sedimentary Nitrogen Isotopes Along the Chile Margin”. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56. Elsevier Ltd: 1042-54. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.09.014.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., A.G. Forden, E.R. Kast, J.A. Mohan, B.D. Walther, D.M. Sigman, and B.B. Ward. 2022. “Controls on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith Organic Matter: Lessons from a Controlled Diet Switch Experiment”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 316. Elsevier Ltd: 69-86. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.030.

Erler, D.V., X.T. Wang, D.M. Sigman, S.R. Scheffers, and B.O. Shepherd. 2015. “Controls on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Shallow Water Corals across a Tropical Reef Flat Transect”. Coral Reefs 34. Springer Verlag: 329-38. doi:10.1007/s00338-014-1215-5.

Jung, J., S. Zoppe, T. Söte, S. Moretti, Nicolas N. Duprey, A.D. Foreman, T. Wald, et al. 2024. “Coral Photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian Reefs”. Nature. Nature Research. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08101-9.

Swart, K.A., S. Oleynik, A. Martínez-García, G.H. Haug, and D.M. Sigman. 2021. “Correlation Between the Carbon Isotopic Composition of Planktonic Foraminifera-Bound Organic Matter and Surface Water PCO2 across the Equatorial Pacific”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 306. Elsevier Ltd: 281-303. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.03.007.

Fawcett, S.E., M.W. Lomas, B.B. Ward, and D.M. Sigman. 2014. “The Counterintuitive Effect of Summer-to-Fall Mixed Layer Deepening on Eukaryotic New Production in the Sargasso Sea”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 28. American Geophysical Union: 86-102. doi:10.1002/2013GB004579.

Rohde, M.M., J. Granger, D.M. Sigman, and M.F. Lehmann. 2015. “Coupled Nitrate N and O Stable Isotope Fractionation by a Natural Marine Plankton Consortium”. Frontiers in Marine Science 2. Frontiers Media S. A. doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00028.

Rafter, P.A., P.J. Difiore, and D.M. Sigman. 2013. “Coupled Nitrate Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Southern and Pacific Oceans”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 4781-94. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20316.

Granger, J., M.G. Prokopenko, D.M. Sigman, C.W. Mordy, Z.M. Morse, L.V. Morales, R.N. Sambrotto, and B. Plessen. 2011. “Coupled Nitrification-Denitrification in Sediment of the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf Leads to 15N Enrichment of Fixed N in Shelf Waters”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 116. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2010JC006751.

Granger, J., D.M. Sigman, J.A. Needoba, and P.J. Harrison. 2004. “Coupled Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Assimilation by Cultures of Marine Phytoplankton”. Limnology and Oceanography 49. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Inc.: 1763-73. doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1763.

Sigman, D.M., J. Granger, P.J. Difiore, M.M. Lehmann, R. Ho, G. Cane, and A. van Geen. 2005. “Coupled Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Measurements of Nitrate Along the Eastern North Pacific Margin”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19. American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/2005GB002458.

Lehmann, M.F., D.M. Sigman, and W.M. Berelson. 2004. “Coupling the 15N 14N and 18O 16O of Nitrate As a Constraint on Benthic Nitrogen Cycling”. Marine Chemistry 88: 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.001.