Lüdecke, T., J.N. Leichliter, D. Stratford, D.M. Sigman, H.B. Vonhof, G.H. Haug, M. Bamford, and A. Martínez-García. 2025. “Australopithecus at Sterkfontein Did Not Consume Substantial Mammalian Meat”. Science 387: 309-14. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315.

Brauer, A., G.H. Haug, P. Dulski, D.M. Sigman, and J.F.W. Negendank. 2008. “An Abrupt Wind Shift in Western Europe at the Onset of the Younger Dryas Cold Period”. Nature Geoscience 1. Nature Publishing Group: 520-23. doi:10.1038/ngeo263.

Burls, N.J., A.V. Fedorov, D.M. Sigman, S.L. Jaccard, R. Tiedemann, and G.H. Haug. 2017. “Active Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC) During the Warm Pliocene”. Science Advances 3. American Association for the Advancement of Science. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700156.

Schiebel, R., S.M. Smart, A. Jentzen, L. Jonkers, R. Morard, J. Meilland, E. Michel, et al. 2018. “Advances in Planktonic Foraminifer Research: New Perspectives for Paleoceanography”. Revue De Micropaleontologie 61. Elsevier Masson SAS: 113-38. doi:10.1016/j.revmic.2018.10.001.

Marconi, D., S.H. Kopf, P.A. Rafter, and D.M. Sigman. 2017. “Aerobic Respiration Along Isopycnals Leads to Overestimation of the Isotope Effect of Denitrification in the Ocean Water Column”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 197. Elsevier Ltd: 417-32. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.012.

Marshall, T.A., D.M. Sigman, L.M. Beal, A.D. Foreman, A. Martínez-García, S. Blain, E.C. Campbell, et al. (2023) 2023. “The Agulhas Current Transports Signals of Local and Remote Indian Ocean Nitrogen Cycling”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 37 (2). doi:10.1029/2022JC019413.

Zhang, E.J., D.M. Sigman, and G. Wysocki. 2016. “Analysis of Nitric Oxide Isotopes via Differential Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy”. In 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2016. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2016.ath3j.3.

Moretti, S., N.N. Duprey, A.D. Foreman, A. Arns, S. Brömme, J. Jung, X.E. Ai, et al. 2024. “Analytical Improvements and Assessment of Long-Term Performance of the oxidation–denitrifier Method”. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 38. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. doi:10.1002/rcm.9650.

Marshall, T.A., J. Granger, K.L. Casciotti, K. Dähnke, K.-C. Emeis, D. Marconi, M.R. McIlvin, et al. 2022. “The Angola Gyre Is a Hotspot of Dinitrogen Fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean”. Communications Earth and Environment 3. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x.

Sigman, D.M., A.M. De Boer, and G.H. Haug. 2007. Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events: A Hypothesis for Late Pleistocene Deglaciations. Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts - Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning. American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/173GM21.

Studer, A.S., D.M. Sigman, A. Martínez-García, V. Benz, G. Winckler, G. Kuhn, O. Esper, et al. 2015. “Antarctic Zone Nutrient Conditions During the Last Two Glacial Cycles”. Paleoceanography 30. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 845-62. doi:10.1002/2014PA002745.

Farmer, J.R., D.M. Sigman, J. Granger, O.M. Underwood, F. Fripiat, T.M. Cronin, A. Martínez-García, and G.H. Haug. 2021. “Arctic Ocean Stratification Set by Sea Level and Freshwater Inputs since the Last Ice Age”. Nature Geoscience 14. Nature Research: 684-89. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00789-y.

Fawcett, S.E., M.W. Lomas, J.R. Casey, B.B. Ward, and D.M. Sigman. 2011. “Assimilation of Upwelled Nitrate by Small Eukaryotes in the Sargasso Sea”. Nature Geoscience 4: 717-22. doi:10.1038/ngeo1265.

De Boer, A.M., J.R. Toggweiler, and D.M. Sigman. 2008. “Atlantic Dominance of the Meridional Overturning Circulation”. Journal of Physical Oceanography 38: 435-50. doi:10.1175/2007JPO3731.1.

Carrillo, J.H., M.G. Hastings, D.M. Sigman, and B.J. Huebert. 2002. “Atmospheric Deposition of Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen and Base Cations in Hawaii”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16. American Geophysical Union: 24-1. doi:10.1029/2002gb001892.

Sigman, D.M., K.L. Casciotti, M. Andreani, C. Barford, M. Galanter, and J.K. Böhlke. 2001. “A Bacterial Method for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of Nitrate in Seawater and Freshwater”. Analytical Chemistry 73: 4145-53. doi:10.1021/ac010088e.

Farmer, J.R., T. Pico, O.M. Underwood, R. Stout, J. Granger, T.M. Cronin, François Fripiat, A. Martínez-García, G.H. Haug, and D.M. Sigman. (2022) 2023. “The Bering Strait Was Flooded 10,000 Years before the Last Glacial Maximum”. PNAS 120 (1). doi:10.1073/pnas.2206742119.

Duan, J., R. Cloete, J.C. Loock, A. Lanzirotti, M. Newville, A. Martínez-García, D.M. Sigman, P.J. Lam, A.N. Roychoudhury, and S.C.B. Myneni. 2024. “Biogenic-to-Lithogenic Handoff of Particulate Zn Affects the Zn Cycle in the Southern Ocean”. Science (New York, N.Y.) 384: 1235-40. doi:10.1126/science.adh8199.

Saito, M.A., D.M. Sigman, and F.M.M. Morel. 2003. “The Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Ancient Ocean: The Co-Evolution of Cyanobacterial Metal Requirements and Biogeochemical Cycles at the Archean-Proterozoic Boundary?”. Inorganica Chimica Acta 356. Elsevier S.A.: 308-18. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00442-0.

Sigman, D.M., and G.H. Haug. 2003. The Biological Pump in the Past. Treatise on Geochemistry. Vol. 6-9. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/06118-1.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2013. The Biological Pump in the Past. Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition. Vol. 8. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00618-5.

Sigman, D.M., D.C. McCorkle, and W.R. Martin. 1998. “The Calcite Isyocline As a Constraint on Glacial Interglacial Low-Latitude Production Changes”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12. American Geophysical Union: 409-27. doi:10.1029/98GB01184.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “Carbon Dioxide Effects of Antarctic Stratification, North Atlantic Intermediate Water Formation, and Subantarctic Nutrient Drawdown During the Last Ice Age: Diagnosis and Synthesis in a Geochemical Box Model”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24. doi:10.1029/2010GB003790.

Galbraith, E.D., S.L. Jaccard, T.F. Pedersen, D.M. Sigman, G.H. Haug, M. Cook, J.R. Southon, and R. François. 2007. “Carbon Dioxide Release from the North Pacific Abyss During the Last Deglaciation”. Nature 449. Nature Publishing Group: 890-93. doi:10.1038/nature06227.

Lüdecke, T., J.N. Leichliter, V. Aldeias, M. Bamford, D. Biro, D. Braun, C. Capelli, et al. 2022. “Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Modern Tooth Enamel: A Case Study from Gorongosa National Park, Central Mozambique”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.958032.

Kast, E.R., M.L. Griffiths, S.L. Kim, Z.C. Rao, K. Shimada, M.A. Becker, H.M. Maisch, et al. (2022) 2022. “Cenozoic Megatooth Sharks Occupied Extremely High Trophic Positions”. Science Advances 8 (25). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl6529.

Straub, M., D.M. Sigman, H.A. Ren, A. Martínez-García, A.N. Meckler, M.P. Hain, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Changes in North Atlantic Nitrogen Fixation Controlled by Ocean Circulation”. Nature 501: 200-203. doi:10.1038/nature12397.

Morales, L.V., D.M. Sigman, M.G. Horn, and R.S. Robinson. 2013. “Cleaning Methods for the Isotopic Determination of Diatombound Nitrogen in Non-Fossil Diatom Frustules”. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 11: 101-12. doi:10.4319/lom.2013.11.101.

Haug, G.H., D. Günther, L.C. Peterson, D.M. Sigman, K.A. Hughen, and B. Aeschlimann. 2003. “Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization”. Science 299: 1731-35. doi:10.1126/science.1080444.

Houlton, B.Z., D.M. Sigman, E.A.G. Schuur, and L.O. Hedin. 2007. “A Climate-Driven Switch in Plant Nitrogen Acquisition Within Tropical Forest Communities”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 8902-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609935104.

Tortell, P.D., G.R. DiTullio, D.M. Sigman, and F.M.M. Morel. 2002. “CO2 Effects on Taxonomic Composition and Nutrient Utilization in an Equatorial Pacific Phytoplankton Assemblage”. Marine Ecology Progress Series 236. Inter-Research: 37-43. doi:10.3354/meps236037.

Hain, M.P., and D.M. Sigman. 2024. CO2 in Earth’s Ice Age Cycles. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Referenced from oxfordre.com: CO2 in Earth’s Ice Age Cycles.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., D.M. Sigman, B.J. Johnson, O.P. Jensen, S. Oleynik, and B.B. Ward. 2020. “Comparison of the Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith-Bound Organic N With Host Tissue”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77. Canadian Science Publishing: 264-75. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2018-0360.

Galbraith, E.D., M. Kienast, S.L. Jaccard, T.F. Pedersen, B.G. Brunelle, D.M. Sigman, and T. Kiefer. 2008. “Consistent Relationship Between Global Climate and Surface Nitrate Utilization in the Western Subarctic Pacific Throughout the Last 500 Ka”. Paleoceanography 23. doi:10.1029/2007PA001518.

François, R., M.A. Altabet, E.-F. Yu, D.M. Sigman, M.P. Bacon, M. Frank, G. Bohrmann, G. Bareille, and L.D. Labeyrie. 1997. “Contribution of Southern Ocean Surface-Water Stratification to Low Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations During the Last Glacial Period”. Nature 389. Nature Publishing Group: 929-35. doi:10.1038/40073.

Karsh, K.L., T.W. Trull, D.M. Sigman, P.A. Thompson, and J. Granger. 2014. “The Contributions of Nitrate Uptake and Efflux to Isotope Fractionation During Algal Nitrate Assimilation”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 132. Elsevier Ltd: 391-412. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.030.

De Pol-Holz, R., R.S. Robinson, D. Hebbeln, D.M. Sigman, and O. Ulloa. 2009. “Controls on Sedimentary Nitrogen Isotopes Along the Chile Margin”. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56. Elsevier Ltd: 1042-54. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.09.014.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., A.G. Forden, E.R. Kast, J.A. Mohan, B.D. Walther, D.M. Sigman, and B.B. Ward. 2022. “Controls on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith Organic Matter: Lessons from a Controlled Diet Switch Experiment”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 316. Elsevier Ltd: 69-86. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.030.

Erler, D.V., X.T. Wang, D.M. Sigman, S.R. Scheffers, and B.O. Shepherd. 2015. “Controls on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Shallow Water Corals across a Tropical Reef Flat Transect”. Coral Reefs 34. Springer Verlag: 329-38. doi:10.1007/s00338-014-1215-5.

Jung, J., S. Zoppe, T. Söte, S. Moretti, Nicolas N. Duprey, A.D. Foreman, T. Wald, et al. 2024. “Coral Photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian Reefs”. Nature. Nature Research. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08101-9.

Swart, K.A., S. Oleynik, A. Martínez-García, G.H. Haug, and D.M. Sigman. 2021. “Correlation Between the Carbon Isotopic Composition of Planktonic Foraminifera-Bound Organic Matter and Surface Water PCO2 across the Equatorial Pacific”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 306. Elsevier Ltd: 281-303. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.03.007.

Fawcett, S.E., M.W. Lomas, B.B. Ward, and D.M. Sigman. 2014. “The Counterintuitive Effect of Summer-to-Fall Mixed Layer Deepening on Eukaryotic New Production in the Sargasso Sea”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 28. American Geophysical Union: 86-102. doi:10.1002/2013GB004579.

Rohde, M.M., J. Granger, D.M. Sigman, and M.F. Lehmann. 2015. “Coupled Nitrate N and O Stable Isotope Fractionation by a Natural Marine Plankton Consortium”. Frontiers in Marine Science 2. Frontiers Media S. A. doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00028.

Rafter, P.A., P.J. Difiore, and D.M. Sigman. 2013. “Coupled Nitrate Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Southern and Pacific Oceans”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 4781-94. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20316.

Granger, J., M.G. Prokopenko, D.M. Sigman, C.W. Mordy, Z.M. Morse, L.V. Morales, R.N. Sambrotto, and B. Plessen. 2011. “Coupled Nitrification-Denitrification in Sediment of the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf Leads to 15N Enrichment of Fixed N in Shelf Waters”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 116. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2010JC006751.

Granger, J., D.M. Sigman, J.A. Needoba, and P.J. Harrison. 2004. “Coupled Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation of Nitrate During Assimilation by Cultures of Marine Phytoplankton”. Limnology and Oceanography 49. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Inc.: 1763-73. doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1763.

Sigman, D.M., J. Granger, P.J. Difiore, M.M. Lehmann, R. Ho, G. Cane, and A. van Geen. 2005. “Coupled Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Measurements of Nitrate Along the Eastern North Pacific Margin”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19. American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/2005GB002458.

Lehmann, M.F., D.M. Sigman, and W.M. Berelson. 2004. “Coupling the 15N 14N and 18O 16O of Nitrate As a Constraint on Benthic Nitrogen Cycling”. Marine Chemistry 88: 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.001.

Duprey, N.N., A.D. Foreman, J.D. Carriquiry, C.D. Charles, S.C. Sanchez, H.B. Vonhof, F. Rubach, et al. 2024. “Decadal Oscillations in the Ocean S Largest Oxygen-Deficient Zone”. Science (New York, N.Y.). doi:10.1126/science.adk4965.

Wang, X.T., D.M. Sigman, M.G. Prokopenko, J.F. Adkins, L.F. Robinson, S.K. Hines, J. Chai, et al. 2017. “Deep-Sea Coral Evidence for Lower Southern Ocean Surface Nitrate Concentrations During the Last Ice Age”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114. National Academy of Sciences: 3352-57. doi:10.1073/pnas.1615718114.