Knapp, A.N., D.M. Sigman, F. Lipschultz, A.B. Kustka, and D.G. Capone. 2011. “Interbasin Isotopic Correspondence Between Upper-Ocean Bulk DON and Subsurface Nitrate and Its Implications for Marine Nitrogen Cycling”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25. doi:10.1029/2010GB003878.

Kritee, K., D.M. Sigman, J. Granger, B.B. Ward, A. Jayakumar, and C. Deutsch. 2012. “Reduced Isotope Fractionation by Denitrification under Conditions Relevant to the Ocean”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 92: 243-59. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.020.

Kwon, E.Y., M.P. Hain, D.M. Sigman, E.D. Galbraith, J.L. Sarmiento, and J.R. Toggweiler. 2012. “North Atlantic Ventilation of Southern-Sourced Deep Water in the Glacial Ocean”. Paleoceanography 27. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2011PA002211.

Lawrence, K.T., D.M. Sigman, T.D. Herbert, C.A. Riihimaki, C.T. Bolton, A. Martínez-García, A. Rosell-Mele, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Time-Transgressive North Atlantic Productivity Changes Upon Northern Hemisphere Glaciation”. Paleoceanography 28: 740-51. doi:10.1002/2013PA002546.

Lehmann, M.F., D.M. Sigman, D.C. McCorkle, B.G. Brunelle, S. Hoffmann, M. Kienast, G. Cane, and J. Clement. 2005. “Origin of the Deep Bering Sea Nitrate Deficit: Constraints from the Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Water Column Nitrate and Benthic Nitrate Fluxes”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19. doi:10.1029/2005GB002508.

Lehmann, M.F., D.M. Sigman, and W.M. Berelson. 2004. “Coupling the 15N 14N and 18O 16O of Nitrate As a Constraint on Benthic Nitrogen Cycling”. Marine Chemistry 88: 1-20. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.001.

Lehmann, M.F., D.M. Sigman, D.C. McCorkle, J. Granger, S. Hoffmann, G. Cane, and B.G. Brunelle. 2007. “The Distribution of Nitrate 15N 14N in Marine Sediments and the Impact of Benthic Nitrogen Loss on the Isotopic Composition of Oceanic Nitrate”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 71: 5384-5404. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.025.

Leichliter, J.N., T. Lüdecke, A.D. Foreman, N.N. Duprey, D.E. Winkler, E.R. Kast, H. Vonhof, et al. 2021. “Nitrogen Isotopes in Tooth Enamel Record Diet and Trophic Level Enrichment: Results from a Controlled Feeding Experiment”. Chemical Geology 563. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.120047.

Leichliter, J.N., T. Lüdecke, A.D. Foreman, N. Bourgon, N.N. Duprey, H. Vonhof, V. Souksavatdy, et al. 2023. “Tooth Enamel Nitrogen Isotope Composition Records Trophic Position: A Tool for Reconstructing Food Webs”. Communications Biology 6. doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04744-y.

Lourey, M.J., T.W. Trull, and D.M. Sigman. 2003. “Sensitivity of δ15N of Nitrate, Surface Suspended and Deep Sinking Particulate Nitrogen to Seasonal Nitrate Depletion in the Southern Ocean”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17. American Geophysical Union: 7-1. doi:10.1029/2002gb001973.

Lüdecke, Tina, Jennifer N. Leichliter, Vera Aldeias, Marion K. Bamford, Dora Biro, David R. Braun, Cristian Capelli, et al. 2022. “Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Modern Tooth Enamel: A Case Study from Gorongosa National Park, Central Mozambique”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.958032.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., D.M. Sigman, B.J. Johnson, O.P. Jensen, S. Oleynik, and B.B. Ward. 2020. “Comparison of the Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith-Bound Organic N With Host Tissue”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77. Canadian Science Publishing: 264-75. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2018-0360.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., X.T. Wang, O.P. Jensen, D.M. Sigman, and B.B. Ward. 2018. “Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of Carbonate-Bound Organic Matter in Modern and Fossil Fish Otoliths”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 224. Elsevier Ltd: 200-222. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.01.001.

Lueders-Dumont, J.A., A.G. Forden, E.R. Kast, J.A. Mohan, B.D. Walther, D.M. Sigman, and B.B. Ward. 2022. “Controls on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Fish Otolith Organic Matter: Lessons from a Controlled Diet Switch Experiment”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 316. Elsevier Ltd: 69-86. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.09.030.

Marconi, D., M.A. Weigand, and D.M. Sigman. 2019. “Nitrate Isotopic Gradients in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Sinking Organic Matter”. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 145. Elsevier Ltd: 109-24. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2019.01.010.

Marconi, D., M.A. Weigand, P.A. Rafter, M.R. McIlvin, M. Forbes, K.L. Casciotti, and D.M. Sigman. 2014. “Nitrate Isotope Distributions on the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic Cross-Basin Section: Signals of Polar Nitrate Sources and Low Latitude Nitrogen Cycling”. Marine Chemistry 177. Elsevier B.V.: 143-56. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.007.

Marconi, D., D.M. Sigman, K.L. Casciotti, E.C. Campbell, Alexandra Weigand, S.E. Fawcett, A.N. Knapp, P.A. Rafter, B.B. Ward, and G.H. Haug. 2017. “Tropical Dominance of N2 Fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 31. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 1608-23. doi:10.1002/2016GB005613.

Marconi, D., S. Kopf, P.A. Rafter, and D.M. Sigman. 2017. “Aerobic Respiration Along Isopycnals Leads to Overestimation of the Isotope Effect of Denitrification in the Ocean Water Column”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 197. Elsevier Ltd: 417-32. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.012.

Marshall, T.A., L. Beal, D.M. Sigman, and S.E. Fawcett. 2023. “Instabilities Across the Agulhas Current Enhance Upward Nitrate Supply in the Southwest Subtropical Indian Ocean”. AGU Advances 4. John Wiley and Sons Inc. doi:10.1029/2023AV000973.

Marshall, T., J. Granger, K.L. Casciotti, K. Dähnke, K.-C. Emeis, D. Marconi, M.R. McIlvin, et al. 2022. “The Angola Gyre Is a Hotspot of Dinitrogen Fixation in the South Atlantic Ocean”. Communications Earth and Environment 3. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00474-x.

Marshall, T. A., D. M. Sigman, L. M. Beal, A. Foreman, A. Martínez-García, S. Blain, E. Campbell, et al. (2023) 2023. “The Agulhas Current Transports Signals of Local and Remote Indian Ocean Nitrogen Cycling”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 37 (2). doi:10.1029/2022JC019413.

Martínez-García, A., J. Jung, X.E. Ai, D.M. Sigman, A. Auderset, N.N. Duprey, A. Foreman, et al. 2022. “Laboratory Assessment of the Impact of Chemical Oxidation, Mineral Dissolution, and Heating on the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Fossil-Bound Organic Matter”. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23. doi:10.1029/2022GC010396.

Martínez-García, A., D.M. Sigman, H. Ren, R.F. Anderson, M. Straub, D.A. Hodell, S.L. Jaccard, T.I. Eglinton, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Iron Fertilization of the Subantarctic Ocean During the Last Ice Age”. Science 343. American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1347-50. doi:10.1126/science.1246848.

Martínez-García, A., A. Rosell-Mele, S.L. Jaccard, W. Geibert, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2011. “Southern Ocean Dust-Climate Coupling over the past Four Million Years”. Nature 476. Nature Publishing Group: 312-15. doi:10.1038/nature10310.

Mawji, E., R. Schlitzer, E.M. Dodas, C. Abadie, W. Abouchami, R.F. Anderson, O. Baars, and et al. 2014. “The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014”. Marine Chemistry 177. Elsevier B.V.: 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.005.

McRose, D.L., A. Lee, S.H. Kopf, O. Baars, A.M.L. Kraepiel, D.M. Sigman, F.M.M. Morel, and X. Zhang. 2019. “Effect of Iron Limitation on the Isotopic Composition of Cellular and Released Fixed Nitrogen in Azotobacter Vinelandii”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 244. Elsevier Ltd: 12-23. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.09.023.

Meckler, A.N., D.M. Sigman, K.A. Gibson, R. François, A. Martínez-García, S.L. Jaccard, U. Röhl, L.C. Peterson, R. Tiedemann, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Deglacial Pulses of Deep-Ocean Silicate into the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean”. Nature 495. Nature Publishing Group: 495-98. doi:10.1038/nature12006.

Meckler, A.N., G.H. Haug, D.N. Sigman, B. Plessen, L.C. Peterson, and H.R. Thierstein. 2007. “Detailed Sedimentary N Isotope Records from Cariaco Basin for Terminations I and V: Local and Global Implications”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21. doi:10.1029/2006GB002893.

Meckler, A.N., H. Ren, D.M. Sigman, N. Gruber, B. Plessen, C.J. Schubert, and G.H. Haug. 2011. “Deglacial Nitrogen Isotope Changes in the Gulf of Mexico: Evidence from Bulk Sedimentary and Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen in Orca Basin Sediments”. Paleoceanography 26. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2011PA002156.

Meckler, A.N., D.M. Sigman, K.A. Gibson, R. François, A. Martínez-García, S.L. Jaccard, U. Röhl, L.C. Peterson, R. Tiedemann, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Erratum: Deglacial Pulses of Deep-Ocean Silicate into the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (Nature (2013) 495 (495-498) DOI: 10.1038 Nature12006)”. Nature 505: 574. doi:10.1038/nature12906.

Morales, L.V., D.M. Sigman, M.G. Horn, and R.S. Robinson. 2013. “Cleaning Methods for the Isotopic Determination of Diatombound Nitrogen in Non-Fossil Diatom Frustules”. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 11: 101-12. doi:10.4319/lom.2013.11.101.

Morales, L.V., J. Granger, B.X. Chang, M.G. Prokopenko, B. Plessen, R. Gradinger, and D.M. Sigman. 2014. “Elevated 15N 14N in Particulate Organic Matter, Zooplankton, and Diatom Frustule-Bound Nitrogen in the Ice-Covered Water Column of the Bering Sea Eastern Shelf”. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 109. Elsevier Ltd: 100-111. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.008.

Moretti, S., N.N. Duprey, A.D. Foreman, A. Arns, S. Brömme, J. Jung, X.E. Ai, et al. 2024. “Analytical Improvements and Assessment of Long-Term Performance of the oxidation–denitrifier Method”. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 38. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. doi:10.1002/rcm.9650.

Needoba, J.A., D.M. Sigman, and P.J. Harrison. 2004. “The Mechanism of Isotope Fractionation During Algal Nitrate Assimilation As Illuminated by the 15N 14N of Intracellular Nitrate”. Journal of Phycology 40. Blackwell Publishing Inc.: 517-22. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03172.x.

Pantoja, S., D.J. Repeta, J.P. Sachs, and D.M. Sigman. 2002. “Stable Isotope Constraints on the Nitrogen Cycle of the Mediterranean Sea Water Column”. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 49: 1609-21. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00066-3.

Peng, X., S.E. Fawcett, N. Van Oostende, M.J. Wolf, D. Marconi, D.M. Sigman, and B.B. Ward. 2018. “Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrification in the Subarctic North Atlantic Ocean”. Limnology and Oceanography 63. Wiley Blackwell: 1462-87. doi:10.1002/lno.10784.

Pride, C., R. Thunell, D. Sigman, L. Keigwin, M. Altabet, and E. Tappa. 1999. “Nitrogen Isotopic Variations in the Gulf of California since the Last Deglaciation: Response to Global Climate Change”. Paleoceanography 14. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 397-409. doi:10.1029/1999PA900004.

Prokopenko, M.G., M.B. Hirst, L. De Brabandere, D.J.P. Lawrence, W.M. Berelson, J. Granger, B.X. Chang, et al. 2013. “Nitrogen Losses in Anoxic Marine Sediments Driven by Thioploca-Anammox Bacterial Consortia”. Nature 500: 194-98. doi:10.1038/nature12365.

Prokopenko, M.G., D.M. Sigman, W.M. Berelson, D.E. Hammond, B. Barnett, L. Chong, and A. Townsend-Small. 2011. “Denitrification in Anoxic Sediments Supported by Biological Nitrate Transport”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 75: 7180-99. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.09.023.

Rafter, P.A., and D.M. Sigman. 2016. “Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Nitrate Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in the Upper Equatorial Pacific Ocean”. Limnology and Oceanography 61. Wiley Blackwell: 14-31. doi:10.1002/lno.10152.

Rafter, P.A., P.J. Difiore, and D.M. Sigman. 2013. “Coupled Nitrate Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Southern and Pacific Oceans”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 4781-94. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20316.

Rafter, P.A., D.M. Sigman, and K.R.M. Mackey. 2017. “Erratum: Publisher Correction: Recycled Iron Fuels New Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean (Nature Communications (2017) 8 1 (1100))”. Nature Communications 8. NLM (Medline): 2018. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02138-3.

Rafter, P.A., D.M. Sigman, and K.R.M. Mackey. 2017. “Recycled Iron Fuels New Production in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean”. Nature Communications 8. Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01219-7.

Rafter, P.A., D.M. Sigman, C.D. Charles, J. Kaiser, and G.H. Haug. 2012. “Subsurface Tropical Pacific Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Nitrate: Biogeochemical Signals and Their Transport”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26. doi:10.1029/2010GB003979.

Ren, H., A.S. Studer, S. Serno, D.M. Sigman, G. Winckler, R.F. Anderson, S. Oleynik, R. Gersonde, and G.H. Haug. 2015. “Glacial-to-Interglacial Changes in Nitrate Supply and Consumption in the Subarctic North Pacific from Microfossil-Bound N Isotopes at Two Trophic Levels”. Paleoceanography 30. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 1217-32. doi:10.1002/2014PA002765.

Ren, H., D.M. Sigman, A.N. Meckler, B. Plessen, R.S. Robinson, Y. Rosenthal, and G.H. Haug. 2009. “Foraminiferal Isotope Evidence of Reduced Nitrogen Fixation in the Ice Age Atlantic Ocean”. Science 323: 244-48. doi:10.1126/science.1165787.

Ren, H., D.M. Sigman, M.-T. Chen, and S.-J. Kao. 2012. “Elevated Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen Isotopic Composition During the Last Ice Age in the South China Sea and Its Global and Regional Implications”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26. doi:10.1029/2010GB004020.

Ren, H., D.M. Sigman, R.C. Thunell, and M.G. Prokopenko. 2012. “Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Planktonic Foraminifera from the Modern Ocean and Recent Sediments”. Limnology and Oceanography 57. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Inc.: 1011-24. doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1011.

Ren, H., D.M. Sigman, A. Martínez-García, R.F. Anderson, M.-T. Chen, A.C. Ravelo, M. Straub, G.T.F. Wong, and G.H. Haug. 2017. “Impact of Glacial Interglacial Sea Level Change on the Ocean Nitrogen Cycle”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114. National Academy of Sciences: E6759-E6766. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701315114.

Ren, H., Y.-C. Chen, X.T. Wang, G.T.F. Wong, A.L. Cohen, T.M. DeCarlo, M.A. Weigand, H.-S. Mii, and D.M. Sigman. 2017. “Nitrogen Cycle: 21st-Century Rise in Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition on a Remote Coral Reef”. Science 356. American Association for the Advancement of Science: 749-52. doi:10.1126/science.aal3869.