Kast, E.R., M.L. Griffiths, S.L. Kim, Z.C. Rao, K. Shimada, M.A. Becker, H.M. Maisch, R.A. Eagle, C.A. Clarke, A.N. Neumann, M.E. Karnes, T. Lüdecke, J.N. Leichliter, A. Martínez-García, A.A. Akhtar, X.T. Wang, G.H. Haug, and D.M. Sigman. (2022) 2022. “Cenozoic Megatooth Sharks Occupied Extremely High Trophic Positions”. Science Advances 8 (25). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl6529.

Haug, G.H., K.A. Hughen, D.M. Sigman, L.C. Peterson, and U. Röhl. 2001. “Southward Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene”. Science 293: 1304-8. doi:10.1126/science.1059725.

Haug, G.H., D.M. Sigman, R. Tiedemann, T.F. Pedersen, and M. Sarnthein. 1999. “Onset of Permanent Stratification in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean”. Nature 401: 779-82. doi:10.1038/44550.

Haug, G.H., T.F. Pedersen, D.M. Sigman, S.E. Calvert, B. Nielsen, and L.C. Peterson. 1998. “Glacial/Interglacial/Variations/in/Production/and/Nitrogen/Fixation/in/the/Cariaco/Basin/During/the/Last/580/Kyr”. Paleoceanography 13. American Geophysical Union: 427-32. doi:10.1029/98PA01976.

Jaccard, S.L., G.H. Haug, D.M. Sigman, T.F. Pedersen, H.R. Thierstein, and U. Röhl. 2005. “Glacial/Interglacial/Changes/in/Subarctic/North/Pacific/Stratification”. Science 308: 1003-6. doi:10.1126/science.1108696.

Haug, G.H., A. Ganopolski, D.M. Sigman, A. Rosell-Mele, G.E.A. Swann, R. Tiedemann, S.L. Jaccard, J. Bollmann, M.A. Maslin, M.J. Leng, and G. Eglinton. 2005. “North Pacific Seasonality and the Glaciation of North America 2.7 Million Years ago”. Nature 433: 821-25. doi:10.1038/nature03332.

Deutsch, C., D.M. Sigman, R.C. Thunell, A.N. Meckler, and G.H. Haug. 2004. “Isotopic Constraints on Glacial Interglacial Changes in the Oceanic Nitrogen Budget”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18: 1-22. doi:10.1029/2003GB002189.

Sigman, D.M., S.L. Jaccard, and G.H. Haug. 2004. “Polar Ocean Stratification in a Cold Climate”. Nature 428: 59-63. doi:10.1038/nature02357.

Sigman, D.M., and G.H. Haug. 2003. The Biological Pump in the Past. Treatise on Geochemistry. Vol. 6-9. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/06118-1.

Haug, G.H., D. Günther, L.C. Peterson, D.M. Sigman, K.A. Hughen, and B. Aeschlimann. 2003. “Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization”. Science 299: 1731-35. doi:10.1126/science.1080444.

Haug, G.H., and D.M. Sigman. 2009. “Palaeoceanography: Polar Twins”. Nature Geoscience 2. Nature Publishing Group: 91-92. doi:10.1038/ngeo423.

Jaccard, S.L., E.D. Galbraith, D.M. Sigman, G.H. Haug, R. François, T.F. Pedersen, P. Dulski, and H.R. Thierstein. 2009. “Subarctic Pacific Evidence for a Glacial Deepening of the Oceanic Respired Carbon Pool”. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 277: 156-65. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.017.

Ren, H., D.M. Sigman, A.N. Meckler, B. Plessen, R.S. Robinson, Y. Rosenthal, and G.H. Haug. 2009. “Foraminiferal Isotope Evidence of Reduced Nitrogen Fixation in the Ice Age Atlantic Ocean”. Science 323: 244-48. doi:10.1126/science.1165787.

Brauer, A., G.H. Haug, P. Dulski, D.M. Sigman, and J.F.W. Negendank. 2008. “An Abrupt Wind Shift in Western Europe at the Onset of the Younger Dryas Cold Period”. Nature Geoscience 1. Nature Publishing Group: 520-23. doi:10.1038/ngeo263.

Meckler, A.N., G.H. Haug, D.N. Sigman, B. Plessen, L.C. Peterson, and H.R. Thierstein. 2007. “Detailed Sedimentary N Isotope Records from Cariaco Basin for Terminations I and V: Local and Global Implications”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 21. doi:10.1029/2006GB002893.

Yancheva, G., N.R. Nowaczyk, J. Mingram, P. Dulski, G. Schettler, J.F.W. Negendank, J. Liu, D.M. Sigman, L.C. Peterson, and G.H. Haug. 2007. “Yancheva Et Al. Reply”. Nature 450. Nature Publishing Group: E11. doi:10.1038/nature06409.

Yancheva, G., N.R. Nowaczyk, J. Mingram, P. Dulski, G. Schettler, J.F.W. Negendank, J. Liu, D.M. Sigman, L.C. Peterson, and G.H. Haug. 2007. “Yancheva Et Al. Reply”. Nature 450. Nature Publishing Group: E8-E9. doi:10.1038/nature06339.

Rafter, P.A., D.M. Sigman, C.D. Charles, J. Kaiser, and G.H. Haug. 2012. “Subsurface Tropical Pacific Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Nitrate: Biogeochemical Signals and Their Transport”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26. doi:10.1029/2010GB003979.

Galbraith, E.D., S.L. Jaccard, T.F. Pedersen, D.M. Sigman, G.H. Haug, M. Cook, J.R. Southon, and R. François. 2007. “Carbon Dioxide Release from the North Pacific Abyss During the Last Deglaciation”. Nature 449. Nature Publishing Group: 890-93. doi:10.1038/nature06227.

Meckler, A.N., H. Ren, D.M. Sigman, N. Gruber, B. Plessen, C.J. Schubert, and G.H. Haug. 2011. “Deglacial Nitrogen Isotope Changes in the Gulf of Mexico: Evidence from Bulk Sedimentary and Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen in Orca Basin Sediments”. Paleoceanography 26. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2011PA002156.

Brunelle, B.G., D.M. Sigman, M.S. Cook, L.D. Keigwin, G.H. Haug, B. Plessen, G. Schettler, and S.L. Jaccard. 2007. “Evidence from Diatom-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes for Subarctic Pacific Stratification During the Last Ice Age and a Link to North Pacific Denitrification Changes”. Paleoceanography 22. doi:10.1029/2005PA001205.

Martínez-García, A., A. Rosell-Mele, S.L. Jaccard, W. Geibert, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2011. “Southern Ocean Dust-Climate Coupling over the past Four Million Years”. Nature 476. Nature Publishing Group: 312-15. doi:10.1038/nature10310.

Yancheva, G., N.R. Nowaczyk, J. Mingram, P. Dulski, G. Schettler, J.F.W. Negendank, J. Liu, D.M. Sigman, L.C. Peterson, and G.H. Haug. 2007. “Influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone on the East Asian Monsoon”. Nature 445. Nature Publishing Group: 74-77. doi:10.1038/nature05431.

Wolff, C., G.H. Haug, A. Timmermann, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, A. Brauer, D.M. Sigman, M.A. Cane, and D. Verschuren. 2011. “Reduced Interannual Rainfall Variability in East Africa During the Last Ice Age”. Science 333: 743-47. doi:10.1126/science.1203724.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2011. “Shortcomings of the Isolated Abyssal Reservoir Model for Deglacial Radiocarbon Changes in the Mid-Depth Indo-Pacific Ocean”. Geophysical Research Letters 38. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1029/2010GL046158.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “Carbon Dioxide Effects of Antarctic Stratification, North Atlantic Intermediate Water Formation, and Subantarctic Nutrient Drawdown During the Last Ice Age: Diagnosis and Synthesis in a Geochemical Box Model”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24. doi:10.1029/2010GB003790.

Brunelle, B.G., D.M. Sigman, S.L. Jaccard, L.D. Keigwin, B. Plessen, G. Schettler, M.S. Cook, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “Glacial/Interglacial/Changes/in/Nutrient/Supply/and/Stratification/in/the/Western/Subarctic/North/Pacific/since/the/Penultimate/Glacial/Maximum”. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 2579-90. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.010.

Sigman, D.M., M.P. Hain, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “The Polar Ocean and Glacial Cycles in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration”. Nature 466: 47-55. doi:10.1038/nature09149.

Jaccard, S.L., E.D. Galbraith, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2010. “A Pervasive Link Between Antarctic Ice Core and Subarctic Pacific Sediment Records over the past 800 Kyrs”. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 206-12. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.10.007.

Meckler, A.N., D.M. Sigman, K.A. Gibson, R. François, A. Martínez-García, S.L. Jaccard, U. Röhl, L.C. Peterson, R. Tiedemann, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Deglacial Pulses of Deep-Ocean Silicate into the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean”. Nature 495. Nature Publishing Group: 495-98. doi:10.1038/nature12006.

Jaccard, S.L., C.T. Hayes, A. Martínez-García, D.A. Hodell, R.F. Anderson, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Two Modes of Change in Southern Ocean Productivity over the past Million Years”. Science 339. American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1419-23. doi:10.1126/science.1227545.

Sigman, D.M., A.M. De Boer, and G.H. Haug. 2007. Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events: A Hypothesis for Late Pleistocene Deglaciations. Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts - Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning. American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/173GM21.

Straub, M., M.M. Tremblay, D.M. Sigman, A.S. Studer, H. Ren, J.R. Toggweiler, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Nutrient Conditions in the Subpolar North Atlantic During the Last Glacial Period Reconstructed from Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes”. Paleoceanography 28. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 79-90. doi:10.1002/palo.20013.

Erler, D.V., X.T. Wang, D.M. Sigman, S.R. Scheffers, A. Martínez-García, and G.H. Haug. 2016. “Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Organic Matter from a 168 Year-Old Coral Skeleton: Implications for Coastal Nutrient Cycling in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon”. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 434. Elsevier: 161-70. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.023.

Deplazes, G., A. Lückge, L.C. Peterson, A. Timmermann, Y. Hamann, K.A. Hughen, U. Röhl, C. Laj, M.A. Cane, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Links Between Tropical Rainfall and North Atlantic Climate During the Last Glacial Period”. Nature Geoscience 6: 213-17. doi:10.1038/ngeo1712.

Ren, H., A.S. Studer, S. Serno, D.M. Sigman, G. Winckler, R.F. Anderson, S. Oleynik, R. Gersonde, and G.H. Haug. 2015. “Glacial-to-Interglacial Changes in Nitrate Supply and Consumption in the Subarctic North Pacific from Microfossil-Bound N Isotopes at Two Trophic Levels”. Paleoceanography 30. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 1217-32. doi:10.1002/2014PA002765.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2013. The Biological Pump in the Past. Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition. Vol. 8. Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00618-5.

Studer, A.S., D.M. Sigman, A. Martínez-García, V. Benz, G. Winckler, G. Kuhn, O. Esper, F. Lamy, S.L. Jaccard, L. Wacker, S. Oleynik, R. Gersonde, and G.H. Haug. 2015. “Antarctic Zone Nutrient Conditions During the Last Two Glacial Cycles”. Paleoceanography 30. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 845-62. doi:10.1002/2014PA002745.

Studer, A.S., A. Martínez-García, S.L. Jaccard, F.E. Girault, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2012. “Enhanced Stratification and Seasonality in the Subarctic Pacific Upon Northern Hemisphere Glaciation-New Evidence from Diatom-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes, Alkenones and Archaeal Tetraethers”. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 351-352: 84-94. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.029.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, J.A. Higgins, and G.H. Haug. 2015. “The Effects of Secular Calcium and Magnesium Concentration Changes on the Thermodynamics of Seawater Acid Base Chemistry: Implications for Eocene and Cretaceous Ocean Carbon Chemistry and Buffering”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 517-33. doi:10.1002/2014GB004986.

Hayes, C.T., A. Martínez-García, A.P. Hasenfratz, S.L. Jaccard, D.A. Hodell, D.M. Sigman, G.H. Haug, and R.F. Anderson. 2014. “A Stagnation Event in the Deep South Atlantic During the Last Interglacial Period”. Science 346. American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1514-17. doi:10.1126/science.1256620.

Wang, X.T., M.G. Prokopenko, D.M. Sigman, J.F. Adkins, L.F. Robinson, H. Ren, S. Oleynik, B. Williams, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Isotopic Composition of Carbonate-Bound Organic Nitrogen in Deep-Sea Scleractinian Corals: A New Window into past Biogeochemical Change”. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 400. Elsevier: 243-50. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.048.

Hain, M.P., D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Distinct Roles of the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic in the Deglacial Atmospheric Radiocarbon Decline”. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 394. Elsevier: 198-208. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.020.

Martínez-García, A., D.M. Sigman, H. Ren, R.F. Anderson, M. Straub, D.A. Hodell, S.L. Jaccard, T.I. Eglinton, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Iron Fertilization of the Subantarctic Ocean During the Last Ice Age”. Science 343. American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1347-50. doi:10.1126/science.1246848.

Meckler, A.N., D.M. Sigman, K.A. Gibson, R. François, A. Martínez-García, S.L. Jaccard, U. Röhl, L.C. Peterson, R. Tiedemann, and G.H. Haug. 2014. “Erratum: Deglacial Pulses of Deep-Ocean Silicate into the Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (Nature (2013) 495 (495-498) DOI: 10.1038 Nature12006)”. Nature 505: 574. doi:10.1038/nature12906.

Lawrence, K.T., D.M. Sigman, T.D. Herbert, C.A. Riihimaki, C.T. Bolton, A. Martínez-García, A. Rosell-Mele, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Time-Transgressive North Atlantic Productivity Changes Upon Northern Hemisphere Glaciation”. Paleoceanography 28: 740-51. doi:10.1002/2013PA002546.

Studer, A.S., K.K. Ellis, S. Oleynik, D.M. Sigman, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Size-Specific Opal-Bound Nitrogen Isotope Measurements in North Pacific Sediments”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 120: 179-94. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.041.

Straub, M., D.M. Sigman, H. Ren, A. Martínez-García, A.N. Meckler, M.P. Hain, and G.H. Haug. 2013. “Changes in North Atlantic Nitrogen Fixation Controlled by Ocean Circulation”. Nature 501: 200-203. doi:10.1038/nature12397.

Studer, A.S., F. Mekik, H. Ren, M.P. Hain, S. Oleynik, A. Martínez-García, G.H. Haug, and D.M. Sigman. 2021. “Ice Age-Holocene Similarity of Foraminifera-Bound Nitrogen Isotope Ratios in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific”. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 36. John Wiley and Sons Inc. doi:10.1029/2020PA004063.

Marconi, D., D.M. Sigman, K.L. Casciotti, E.C. Campbell, Alexandra Weigand, S.E. Fawcett, A.N. Knapp, P.A. Rafter, B.B. Ward, and G.H. Haug. 2017. “Tropical Dominance of N2 Fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 31. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 1608-23. doi:10.1002/2016GB005613.