Deutsch, C., D.M. Sigman, R.C. Thunell, A.N. Meckler, and G.H. Haug. 2004. “Isotopic Constraints on Glacial Interglacial Changes in the Oceanic Nitrogen Budget”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18: 1-22. doi:10.1029/2003GB002189.

Sigman, D.M., P.J. Difiore, M.P. Hain, C. Deutsch, Y. Wang, D.M. Karl, A.N. Knapp, M.F. Lehmann, and S. Pantoja. 2009. “The Dual Isotopes of Deep Nitrate As a Constraint on the Cycle and Budget of Oceanic Fixed Nitrogen”. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56: 1419-39. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.04.007.

Sigman, D.M., P.J. Difiore, M.P. Hain, C. Deutsch, and D.M. Karl. 2009. “Sinking Organic Matter Spreads the Nitrogen Isotope Signal of Pelagic Denitrification in the North Pacific”. Geophysical Research Letters 36. doi:10.1029/2008GL035784.

Knapp, A.N., P.J. Difiore, C. Deutsch, D.M. Sigman, and F. Lipschultz. 2008. “Nitrate Isotopic Composition Between Bermuda and Puerto Rico: Implications for N2 Fixation in the Atlantic Ocean”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22. doi:10.1029/2007GB003107.

Deutsch, C., J.L. Sarmiento, D.M. Sigman, N. Gruber, and J.P. Dunne. 2007. “Spatial Coupling of Nitrogen Inputs and Losses in the Ocean”. Nature 445. Nature Publishing Group: 163-67. doi:10.1038/nature05392.

Kritee, K., D.M. Sigman, J. Granger, B.B. Ward, A. Jayakumar, and C. Deutsch. 2012. “Reduced Isotope Fractionation by Denitrification under Conditions Relevant to the Ocean”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 92: 243-59. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.020.